Inequality and Spatial Convergence in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, 1989-2010
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-7092.2016.05.07Keywords:
Inequality, polarization, dynamic transition, Mexico City Metropolitan Area (ZMCM)Abstract
The analysis of inequality and polarization patterns between by regions of a national economy is central to ascertain their possibilities of future economic development. In this work we study such patterns in municipalities and boroughs of Mexico City Metropolitan Area (Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de Mexico, ZMCM). The evolution of inequality and polarization in this important area of Mexico is studied with new proposals of measurement using spatially conditioned indexes and through a dynamic transition analysis. The results confirm that the territorial inequality has grown among the municipalities and boroughs that integrate the ZMCM. Moreover, this phenomenon coincides with an increase of the polarization characterized by the formation of four subgroups or convergence clubs.References
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Pérez-Campuzano, E. 2006. “Reestructuración urbano regional y nuevos derroteros de la migración en la región centro de México. El caso de la ZMCM.” Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos, El Colegio de México, A.C., Distrito Federal: 21 (002): 331-367.
Perroux, F. 1950. “Economic space: theory and applications.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 64: 89–104.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1881960
Quah, Danny. 1993. “Empirical Cross-section Dynamics in Economic Growth.” European Economic Review 37 (2-3): 426-434.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(93)90031-5
Quah, Danny. 1996a. “Regional Convergence Clusters Across Europe.” European Economic Review 40(3–5): 951-958.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(95)00105-0
Quah, Danny. 1996b. “Empirics for Economic Growth and Convergence.” European Economic Review 40(6):1353-1375.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(95)00051-8
Quah, Danny. 1997. “Empirics for Growth and Distribution: stratification, polarization and convergence clubs.” Journal of Economic Growth 2: 27-59.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009781613339
Romer, Paul. 1990. “Endogenous technological change.” Journal of political Economy 98(5): S71-S102.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/261725
Rosende, F. 2000. “Teoría de Crecimiento Económico: Un debate inconcluso.” Estudios de Economía 27(1): 95-122.
Sala-i-Martin, Xavier. 1996. “Regional cohesion: evidence and theories of regional growth and convergence.” European Economic Review 40(6): 1325-1352.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(95)00029-1
Sánchez, I. 2009. “Teorías del crecimiento económico y divergencia regional en México.” Entelequia 9: 129-149.
Silverman, B. W. 1986. Density estimation for statistics and data analysis. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3324-9
Solow M., Robert. 1956. “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 70(1): 65-94.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1884513
Unikel, L., C. Ruiz and G. Garza. 1976. El desarrollo urbano de México: diagnóstico e implicaciones futuras. México: CEED, El Colegio de México.
Valdivia, Marcos. 2008. “Desigualdad regional en el centro de México. Una exploración espacial de la productividad en el nivel municipal durante el período 1988-2003.” Investigaciones Regionales 13: 5-34.
Vohra, R. 1996. “How fast do we grow?” Growth and Change 27: 47-54.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1996.tb00895.x
Barro, Robert. 1991. “Economic Growth in a Cross-Section of Countries.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 106: 407-43.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2937943
Basile, Robert. 2007. “Intra-distribution dynamics of regional per-capita income in Europe: evidence from alternative conditional density estimators.” Istituto Di Studi E Analisi Economica, Working paper 75.
Ben-David, Dan. 1994. “Income Disparity Among Countries and the Effects of Freer Trade.” Pp. 45-64, in Economic Growth and the Structure of Long-Run Development, edited by L. Pasinetti and R. Solow: Macmillan.
Blanchard, Oliver and Katz Lawrence. 1992. “Regional Evolutions.” Brookings Papers on Economics Activity 23: 1-76.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2534556
Borrayo, Rafael and Juan Manuel Castañeda. 2011. “Análisis de dinámica: Un enfoque no paramétrico aplicado a la región centro de México (1988-2003).” Problemas del Desarrollo 167 (42): 7-44.
Carlino, G. A. 1992. “Are regional per capita earnings diverging?” Business Review, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia: 3-12.
Chávez, Ana and Julio Guadarrama. 2004. “La región central de México en transición: tendencias económicas y migratorias al final del milenio.” Pp. 147-187 in Procesos metropolitanos y grandes ciudades, edited by G. Aguilar: H. Cámara de Diputados LIX Legislatura, México.
CONAPO. 2005. Delimitación de las zonas metropolitanas de México. Secretaría de Desarrollo Social. Consejo Nacional de Población/Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática.
Connolly, Priscilla. 1993. “La reestructuración económica y la ciudad de México.” Pp. 45-70 in Dinámica urbana y procesos sociopolíticos, lecturas de actualización sobre la ciudad de México, edited by R. Coulomb and E. Duhau. México: CENVI-UAM Azcapotzalco.
Crihfield, J. B. and M.P.H. Panggabean. 1995. “Growth and Convergence in U.S. Cities.” Journal of Urban Economics 38:138–65.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/juec.1995.1026
Davis, J. and A. Shrrocks. 1989. “Optimal grouping of income and wealth data.” Journal of Econometrics 42: 97-108.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(89)90078-X
Drennan, M. P. and J. Lobo. 1999. “A Simple Test for Convergence of Metropolitan Income in the United States.” Journal of Urban Economics 46: 350-359.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/juec.1998.2126
Drennan, M. P. 1996. “The interruption of income convergence and income growth in large cities in the 1980s.” Urban Studies 33(1): 63-71.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420989650012121
Esteban, J. and D. Ray. 1994. “On the measurement of polarization.” Econometrica 62: 819-852.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2951734
Ezcurra, Roberto and Andrés Rodríguez-Pose. 2009. “Measuring the regional divide.” Pp. 329-353 in Handbook of regional growth and development theories, edited by R. Capello and P. Nijkamp. Edward Elgar Publishing.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781848445987.00026
Felipe, J. and J. McCombie. 2015. The aggregate production function and the measurement of technical change `Not even wrong`. Edward Elgar Publishing,
Galor, Oded. 1996. ""Convergence? Inferences from Theoretical Models."" The Economic Journal 106: 1056-69.
Garnick, D. H. 1990. “Accounting for regional differences in per capita personal income growth: an update and extension.” Survey of Current Business 70: 29-40.
German-Soto, Vicente. 2005. “Generación del producto interno bruto mexicano por entidad federativa, 1940-1992.” El Trimestre Económico, 72(3): 617–653.
Glaeser, E. L., J. A. Scheinkman and A. Shleifer. 1995. “Economic Growth in a Cross-Section of Cities.” Journal of Monetary Economics 36:117–143.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(95)01206-2
Hyndman, R. 1996. “Computing and Graphing Highest Density Regions.” The American Statistician 50: 120-126.
Hyndman, R., D. Bashtannyk and G. Grunwald. 1996. “Estimating and visualizing conditional densities.” Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 5: 315-336.
Isaac, Jorge and Luis Quintana. 2012. “Industria y vaciamiento productivo regional en México.” Pp. 39-64 in Desarrollo regional y urbano, edited by José L. Calva. México: Juan Pablos.
Krugman, P. 1991. Geography and Trade. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Lucas, Robert. 1988. “On the mechanics of economic development.” Journal of Monetary Economics 22: 3–42.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7
Maier, G. and M. Trippl. 2009. “Location/allocation of regional growth.” Pp. 53-65 in Handbook of regional growth and developmente theories, edited by R. Capello and P. Nijkamp. United Kingdom: Chaltenham.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/9781848445987.00009
Mallick, R. 1993. “Convergence of State Per Capita Incomes: An Examination of Its Sources.” Growth and Change: 321-40.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1993.tb00129.x
Mendoza, Miguel Ángel. 2013. ¿Convergencia o divergencia económica regional? Estudios, métodos y modelos para México y República Dominicana. Tesis Doctoral. México: Facultad de Economía, UNAM. http://saree.com.mx/unam/ sites/default/files/TesisDoctorado_Mendoza_2013.pdf
Myrdal, Gunnar. 1957. Economic Theory and Under-Development Regions. London : G. Duckworth.
Pérez-Campuzano, E. 2006. “Reestructuración urbano regional y nuevos derroteros de la migración en la región centro de México. El caso de la ZMCM.” Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos, El Colegio de México, A.C., Distrito Federal: 21 (002): 331-367.
Perroux, F. 1950. “Economic space: theory and applications.” Quarterly Journal of Economics 64: 89–104.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1881960
Quah, Danny. 1993. “Empirical Cross-section Dynamics in Economic Growth.” European Economic Review 37 (2-3): 426-434.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(93)90031-5
Quah, Danny. 1996a. “Regional Convergence Clusters Across Europe.” European Economic Review 40(3–5): 951-958.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(95)00105-0
Quah, Danny. 1996b. “Empirics for Economic Growth and Convergence.” European Economic Review 40(6):1353-1375.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(95)00051-8
Quah, Danny. 1997. “Empirics for Growth and Distribution: stratification, polarization and convergence clubs.” Journal of Economic Growth 2: 27-59.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009781613339
Romer, Paul. 1990. “Endogenous technological change.” Journal of political Economy 98(5): S71-S102.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/261725
Rosende, F. 2000. “Teoría de Crecimiento Económico: Un debate inconcluso.” Estudios de Economía 27(1): 95-122.
Sala-i-Martin, Xavier. 1996. “Regional cohesion: evidence and theories of regional growth and convergence.” European Economic Review 40(6): 1325-1352.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(95)00029-1
Sánchez, I. 2009. “Teorías del crecimiento económico y divergencia regional en México.” Entelequia 9: 129-149.
Silverman, B. W. 1986. Density estimation for statistics and data analysis. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3324-9
Solow M., Robert. 1956. “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth.” The Quarterly Journal of Economics 70(1): 65-94.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1884513
Unikel, L., C. Ruiz and G. Garza. 1976. El desarrollo urbano de México: diagnóstico e implicaciones futuras. México: CEED, El Colegio de México.
Valdivia, Marcos. 2008. “Desigualdad regional en el centro de México. Una exploración espacial de la productividad en el nivel municipal durante el período 1988-2003.” Investigaciones Regionales 13: 5-34.
Vohra, R. 1996. “How fast do we grow?” Growth and Change 27: 47-54.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2257.1996.tb00895.x
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Published
2016-05-06
How to Cite
Quintana-Romero, L., Prudencio-Vázquez, J. A., & Salas Páez, C. (2016). Inequality and Spatial Convergence in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, 1989-2010. Journal of Reviews on Global Economics, 5, 69–83. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-7092.2016.05.07
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Special Issues | Economic Growth and Convergence: Analyses for the Mexican States
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