Health Care Professionals: A Synthesis and Integration of Select Concepts and Theories in the Study of Mental Illness through the Society, Culture, Personality (SCP) Model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2013.02.9Keywords:
Mental Illness, mental disorder, Health Care Professionals, Society-Culture-Personality, Social Meaningful InteractionAbstract
Abstract: The purpose of this article is to present select concepts and theories in the study of mental illness pertinent for health care professionals. The society-culture-personality (SCP) model is examined in relationship to mental illness so that health care professionals are well-informed on the severity of these disorders in order to provide quality care regardless of geographic location. The society-culture-personality (SCP) model is examined in relationship to some of the most severe forms of mental illness, namely, schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. Social meaningful interaction (SMI) is examined in the development of personality and how social and cultural norms affect the development of the individual. Psychoses are major mental disorders in the United States and in other parts of the world. It is important for health care providers to be knowledgeable about mental illness and the role social class, culture and family play in defining mental illness. By having a thorough understanding of the select concepts and theories involved in the study of mental illness we are hoping that the ingredients of quality, affordability, availability, accessibility, and continuity of care are extended to all members of society.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/353472
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Gallagher, Bernard J. 2012. The Sociology of Mental Illness. 5th ed. Cornwall-on-Hudson, NY: Sloan Publishing.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-010-9389-6
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10597-009-9191-x
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2011.170
Liao, S-C, W J Chen, M-B Lee, F-W Lung, T-J Lai, C-Y Liu, C-Y Lin, M-J Yang, and C-C Chen. 2012. ""Low prevalence of major depressive disorder in Taiwanese adults: possible explanations and implications."" Psychological Medicine 42, no. 6: 1227-1237.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(97)83295-6
Lora, Antonio, Robert Kohn, Itzhak Levav, Ryan McBain, Jodi Morris and Shekhar Saxena. 2012. ""Service availability and utilization and treatment gap for schizophrenic disorders: a survey in 50 low- and middle-income countries."" Bulletin Of The World Health Organization 90, no. 1: 47.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.11.089284
Marsella, Anthony J and Ann Marie Yamada. 2010. ""Culture and Psychopathology: Foundations, Issues, Directions."" Journal Of Pacific Rim Psychology 4, no. 2: 103-115.
Mason, W. A., K. P. Haggerty, A. P. Fleming, and M. Casey-Goldstein. 2012. ""Family intervention to prevent depression and substance use among adolescents of depressed parents."" Journal Of Child And Family Studies 21, no. 6: 891-905.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-011-9549-x
Maynard, Charles, and Stephan D. Fihn. 2010. ""Hospital Discharges for Mental Illness in the Veterans Health Administration."" Internet Journal Of Epidemiology 9, no. 1: 1.
Mental Health America.org [Internet]. 2012. Alexandria: Mental Health America. Retrieved February 2, 2012(http://www.nmha.org/go/depression)
McCloughen, Andrea, Kim Foster, Michelle Huws-Thomas, and Cynthia Delgado. 2012. ""Physical health and wellbeing of emerging and young adults with mental illness: An integrative review of international literature."" International Journal Of Mental Health Nursing 21, no. 3: 274-288.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0349.2011.00796.x
Myunghan, Choi, and Yeom Hye-A. 2011. ""Identifying and treating the culture-bound syndrome of Hwa-Byung among older Korean immigrant women: Recommendations for practitioners."" Journal Of The American Academy Of Nurse Practitioners 23, no. 5: 226-232.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7599.2011.00607.x
Ripke, Stephan, Alan R Sanders, Kenneth S Kendler, Douglas F Levinson, Pamela Sklar, Peter A Holmans, and Anil K Malhotra, et al. 2011. ""Genome-wide association study identifies five new schizophrenia loci."" Nature Genetics 43, no. 10: 969-976.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.940
Rubio, Jose M, John C Markowitz, Analucía Alegría, Gabriela Pérez-Fuentes, Shang-Min Liu, Keng-Han Lin, and Carlos Blanco. 2011. ""Epidemiology of chronic and nonchronic major depressive disorder: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions."" Depression And Anxiety 28, no. 8: 622-631.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.20864
Schmidt-Kastner, R., J. van Os, G. Esquivel, H. W. M. Steinbusch, and B. P. F. Rutten. 2012. ""An environmental analysis of genes associated with schizophrenia: hypoxia and vascular factors as interacting elements in the neurodevelopmental model."" Molecular Psychiatry 17, no. 12: 1194-1205.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2011.183
Seedat, Soraya, Kate Margaret Scott, Matthias C Angermeyer, Patricia Berglund, Evelyn J Bromet, Traolach S Brugha, and Ronald C Kessler, et al. 2009. ""Cross-national associations between gender and mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys."" Archives Of General Psychiatry 66, no. 7: 785-795.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.36
Silberg, Judy L., Hermine Maes, and Lindon J. Eaves. 2010. ""Genetic and environmental influences on the transmission of parental depression to children’s depression and conduct disturbance: an extended Children of Twins study."" Journal Of Child Psychology & Psychiatry 51, no. 6: 734-744.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02205.x
Tamatam, Anand, Farhath Khanum, and Amarinder Singh Bawa. 2012. ""Genetic biomarkers of depression."" Indian Journal Of Human Genetics 18, no. 1: 20-33.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-6866.96639
Thompson, Mark and Nancy Gibbs. 2012. One a day: every day, one U.S. soldier commits suicide. why the military can’t defeat its most insidious enemy. Time, 180: 24-31.
Uher, R. 2010. ""The genetics of mental illness: a guide for parents and adoption professionals."" Adoption & Fostering 34, no. 3: 105-108.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857591003400319
Walker, J. L., R. J. Ruiz, J. J. Chinn, N. Marti, and T. N. Ricks. 2012. ""Discrimination, acculturation and other predictors of depression among pregnant Hispanic women."" Ethnicity & Disease 22, no. 4: 497-503.
Wang, Jian Li. 2004. ""Rural–urban differences in the prevalence of major depression and associated impairment."" Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology 39, no. 1: 19-25.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-004-0698-8
World Health Organization. 2010. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision. Geneva: WHO. Retrieved February 2, 2012 (http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en.)
Zahn, Gordon. 1964. What is Society? New York: Hawthorn Books: 34.
Biswas, P., S. Malhotra, A. Malhotra, and N. Gupta. 2007. ""Comparative study of neurological soft signs in schizophrenia with onset in childhood, adolescence and adulthood."" Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 115, no. 4: 295-303.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00901.x
Canino, Glorisa and Margarita Alegría. 2008. ""Psychiatric diagnosis – is it universal or relative to culture?"" Journal Of Child Psychology & Psychiatry 49, no. 3: 237-250.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01854.x
Cummings, E., G. Donohoe, A. Hargreaves, S. Moore, C. Fahey, T. G. Dinan, and A. Corvin, et al. 2013. ""Mood congruent psychotic symptoms and specific cognitive deficits in carriers of the novel schizophrenia risk variant at MIR-137."" Neuroscience Letters 532, 33-38.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2012.08.065
Drapalski, Amy L., Jaclyn Leith, and Lisa Dixon. 2009. ""Involving Families in the Care of Persons with Schizophrenia and Other Serious Mental Illnesses: History, Evidence, and Recommendations."" Clinical Schizophrenia & Related Psychoses 3, no. 1: 39-49.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3371/CSRP.3.1.4
Dumka, Larry E., Mark W. Roosa, and Kristina M. Jackson. 1997. ""Risk, Conflict, Mother's Parenting, and Children's Adjustment in Low-Income, Mexican Immigrant and Mexican American Families."" Journal off Marriage & Family 59, no. 2: 309-323.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/353472
Ferrari, A. J., A. J. Somerville, A. J. Baxter, R. Norman, S. B. Patten, T. Vos, and H. A. Whiteford. 2013. ""Global variation in the prevalence and incidence of major depressive disorder: a systematic review of the epidemiological literature."" Psychological Medicine 43, no. 3: 471-481.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291712001511
Fredericks, Marcel, Paul Mundy, and John Lennon. 1969. “A model for Teaching Student-Nurses Social Concepts.” Hospital Progress, December: 37-40.
Fredericks, Marcel, Steven Miller, Jeff Odiet, and Janet Fredericks. 2003. ""Toward an Understanding of Cellular Sociology and Its Relationships to Cellular biology."" Education 124, no. 2: 237-256.
Gallagher, Bernard J. 2012. The Sociology of Mental Illness. 5th ed. Cornwall-on-Hudson, NY: Sloan Publishing.
García, Carolyn, Lauren Gilchrist, Gabriela Vazquez, Amy Leiteand Nancy Raymond. 2011. ""Urban and Rural Immigrant Latino Youths' and Adults' Knowledge and Beliefs about Mental Health Resources."" Journal Of Immigrant & Minority Health 13, no. 3: 500-509.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-010-9389-6
Goldberg, David. 2012. ""The overlap between the common mental disorders - Challenges for classification."" International Review Of Psychiatry 24, no. 6: 549-555.
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2012.742041
Gonzales, Myra, Idalia Castillo-Canez, Henry Tarke, Fernando Soriano, Piedad Garcia and Roberto J. Velasquez. 1997. ""Promoting the Culturally Sensitive Diagnosis of Mexican Americans: Some Personal Insights."" Journal Of Multicultural Counseling & Development 25, no. 2: 156-161.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1912.1997.tb00325.x
Gureje, Oyeand Dan J. Stein. 2012. ""Classification of mental disorders: The importance of inclusive decision-making."" International Review Of Psychiatry 24, no. 6: 606-612.
Hajar, Rachel. 2012. ""The Air of History: Early Medicine to Galen (Part I)."" Heart Views 13, no. 3: 120-128.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1995-705X.102164
Hudson, Christopher G. 2009. ""Validation of a model for estimating state and local prevalence of serious mental illness."" International Journal Of Methods In Psychiatric Research 18, no. 4: 251-264.
Kessler, Ronald C., Wai Tat Chiu, Olga Demler and Ellen E. Walters. 2005. ""Prevalence, Severity, and Comorbidity of 12-Month DSM-IV Disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication."" Archives Of General Psychiatry 62, no. 6: 617-627.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617
Keyes, Corey L. M. and Eduardo J. Simoes. 2012. ""To Flourish or Not: Positive Mental Health and All-Cause Mortality."" American Journal Of Public Health 102, no. 11: 2164-2172.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300918
Kim, Albert H., Erin K. Parker, Vernell Williamson, Gowon O. McMichael, Ayman H. Fanous and Vladimir I. Vladimirov. 2012. ""Experimental validation of candidate schizophrenia gene ZNF804A as target for hsa-miR-137."" Schizophrenia Research 141, no. 1: 60-64.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2012.06.038
Kobau, Rosemarie, Colleen DiIorio, Daniel Chapman, and Paolo Delvecchio. 2010. ""Attitudes About Mental Illness and its Treatment: Validation of a Generic Scale for Public Health Surveillance of Mental Illness Associated Stigma."" Community Mental Health Journal 46, no. 2: 164-176.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10597-009-9191-x
Kwon, E., W. Wang, and L-H Tsai. 2013. ""Validation of schizophrenia-associated genes CSMD1, C10orf26, CACNA1C and TCF4 as miR-137 targets."" Molecular Psychiatry 18, no. 1: 11-12.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2011.170
Liao, S-C, W J Chen, M-B Lee, F-W Lung, T-J Lai, C-Y Liu, C-Y Lin, M-J Yang, and C-C Chen. 2012. ""Low prevalence of major depressive disorder in Taiwanese adults: possible explanations and implications."" Psychological Medicine 42, no. 6: 1227-1237.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0033291711002364
Lindström, E., B. Widerlöv, and L. von Knorring. 1997. ""The ICD-10 and DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and the prevalence of schizophrenia."" European Psychiatry 12, no. 5: 217-223.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0924-9338(97)83295-6
Lora, Antonio, Robert Kohn, Itzhak Levav, Ryan McBain, Jodi Morris and Shekhar Saxena. 2012. ""Service availability and utilization and treatment gap for schizophrenic disorders: a survey in 50 low- and middle-income countries."" Bulletin Of The World Health Organization 90, no. 1: 47.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.11.089284
Marsella, Anthony J and Ann Marie Yamada. 2010. ""Culture and Psychopathology: Foundations, Issues, Directions."" Journal Of Pacific Rim Psychology 4, no. 2: 103-115.
Mason, W. A., K. P. Haggerty, A. P. Fleming, and M. Casey-Goldstein. 2012. ""Family intervention to prevent depression and substance use among adolescents of depressed parents."" Journal Of Child And Family Studies 21, no. 6: 891-905.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10826-011-9549-x
Maynard, Charles, and Stephan D. Fihn. 2010. ""Hospital Discharges for Mental Illness in the Veterans Health Administration."" Internet Journal Of Epidemiology 9, no. 1: 1.
Mental Health America.org [Internet]. 2012. Alexandria: Mental Health America. Retrieved February 2, 2012(http://www.nmha.org/go/depression)
McCloughen, Andrea, Kim Foster, Michelle Huws-Thomas, and Cynthia Delgado. 2012. ""Physical health and wellbeing of emerging and young adults with mental illness: An integrative review of international literature."" International Journal Of Mental Health Nursing 21, no. 3: 274-288.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0349.2011.00796.x
Myunghan, Choi, and Yeom Hye-A. 2011. ""Identifying and treating the culture-bound syndrome of Hwa-Byung among older Korean immigrant women: Recommendations for practitioners."" Journal Of The American Academy Of Nurse Practitioners 23, no. 5: 226-232.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7599.2011.00607.x
Ripke, Stephan, Alan R Sanders, Kenneth S Kendler, Douglas F Levinson, Pamela Sklar, Peter A Holmans, and Anil K Malhotra, et al. 2011. ""Genome-wide association study identifies five new schizophrenia loci."" Nature Genetics 43, no. 10: 969-976.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng.940
Rubio, Jose M, John C Markowitz, Analucía Alegría, Gabriela Pérez-Fuentes, Shang-Min Liu, Keng-Han Lin, and Carlos Blanco. 2011. ""Epidemiology of chronic and nonchronic major depressive disorder: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions."" Depression And Anxiety 28, no. 8: 622-631.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/da.20864
Schmidt-Kastner, R., J. van Os, G. Esquivel, H. W. M. Steinbusch, and B. P. F. Rutten. 2012. ""An environmental analysis of genes associated with schizophrenia: hypoxia and vascular factors as interacting elements in the neurodevelopmental model."" Molecular Psychiatry 17, no. 12: 1194-1205.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/mp.2011.183
Seedat, Soraya, Kate Margaret Scott, Matthias C Angermeyer, Patricia Berglund, Evelyn J Bromet, Traolach S Brugha, and Ronald C Kessler, et al. 2009. ""Cross-national associations between gender and mental disorders in the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys."" Archives Of General Psychiatry 66, no. 7: 785-795.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.36
Silberg, Judy L., Hermine Maes, and Lindon J. Eaves. 2010. ""Genetic and environmental influences on the transmission of parental depression to children’s depression and conduct disturbance: an extended Children of Twins study."" Journal Of Child Psychology & Psychiatry 51, no. 6: 734-744.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02205.x
Tamatam, Anand, Farhath Khanum, and Amarinder Singh Bawa. 2012. ""Genetic biomarkers of depression."" Indian Journal Of Human Genetics 18, no. 1: 20-33.
http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-6866.96639
Thompson, Mark and Nancy Gibbs. 2012. One a day: every day, one U.S. soldier commits suicide. why the military can’t defeat its most insidious enemy. Time, 180: 24-31.
Uher, R. 2010. ""The genetics of mental illness: a guide for parents and adoption professionals."" Adoption & Fostering 34, no. 3: 105-108.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030857591003400319
Walker, J. L., R. J. Ruiz, J. J. Chinn, N. Marti, and T. N. Ricks. 2012. ""Discrimination, acculturation and other predictors of depression among pregnant Hispanic women."" Ethnicity & Disease 22, no. 4: 497-503.
Wang, Jian Li. 2004. ""Rural–urban differences in the prevalence of major depression and associated impairment."" Social Psychiatry & Psychiatric Epidemiology 39, no. 1: 19-25.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-004-0698-8
World Health Organization. 2010. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision. Geneva: WHO. Retrieved February 2, 2012 (http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en.)
Zahn, Gordon. 1964. What is Society? New York: Hawthorn Books: 34.
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2013-04-23
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Fredericks, M., Ross, M. W., Kondellas, B., Hang, L., Fredericks, J., & Ward, B. (2013). Health Care Professionals: A Synthesis and Integration of Select Concepts and Theories in the Study of Mental Illness through the Society, Culture, Personality (SCP) Model. International Journal of Criminology and Sociology, 2, 87–96. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2013.02.9
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