Social Changes of Traditional Rules in Facing Contemporary Developments: A Sociological Study of Intercaste Marriagein Balinese Society

Ida Ayu  Sadnyini; A.A.A. Ngurah Tini Rusmini  Gorda

doi:10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.11

Authors

Ida Ayu Sadnyini Universitas Pendidikan Nasional (UNDIKNAS), Jl. Bedugul, No.39, Sidakarya, Denpasar, Denpasar, Bali 80224, Indonesia
A.A.A. Ngurah Tini Rusmini Gorda Universitas Pendidikan Nasional (UNDIKNAS), Jl. Bedugul, No.39, Sidakarya, Denpasar, Denpasar, Bali 80224, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2021.10.11

Keywords:

Development, Changes, Traditional Rules, Private Subject, Marriage, Inter-Caste

Abstract

Nowadays, it is important to examine the impetus for changes of traditional rules in facing contemporary developments and in this regard, this study took a private subject of rules on inter-caste marriage in the Balinese Hindu community. In this context, this study aims to investigate how the inter-caste marriage system is run as an effort to bridge traditional values and modern values based on legal equality and citizenship by taking Balinese society. This research is empirical research with a historical approach with the object of the research is inter-caste marriages. The results showed that the development of inter-caste marriage rules in the monarchy period was derived from Hindu law. The rules on inter-caste marriage during the colonial period can be found in the Peswara and after the independence, the inter-caste marriage is regulated in the Decree of House of Representative of Bali Province, Bhisama Sabha Pandita, and the Decree of MDP Bali. The Hindu community still maintains the sanctions against inter-caste marriage because of their adherence to the customary law of the traditional village.

References

Ali, Z., & Mappalahere, F. (2003). Filsafat Hukum. Yayasan Masyarakat Indonesia Baru.

Ariani, I. G. A. A. (2010). Marriage Law and Divorce Based on Adat Law in Bali. Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 39(4), 297-301.

Atmaja, J. (2008). Bias gender: perkawinan terlarang pada masyarakat Bali. Kerjasama CV. Bali Media Adhikarsa & Udayana University Press.

Banerjee, A., Duflo, E., Ghatak, M., & Lafortune, J. (2013). Marry for what? Caste and mate selection in modern India. American Economic Journal: Microeconomics, 5(2), 33-72. https://doi.org/10.1257/mic.5.2.33 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/mic.5.2.33

Bhajan, C. (2014). A Mixed Bag: The Inter-Religious Marriage Experience.

Cahyaningtyas, J. (2016). Inter-caste marriage in Bali: A gendered analysis of caste and its impact on Balinese women. Asian Journal of Women's Studies, 22(3), 193-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2016.1205374 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2016.1205374

Darmodiharjo, D. (2006). Shidarta, Pokok-pokok filsafat hukum, apa dan bagaimana filsafat hukum Indonesia.

Das, K., Das, K. C., Roy, T. K., & Tripathy, P. K. (2011). Dynamics of inter-religious and inter-caste marriages in India. Population Association of America, Washington DC, USA.

Dhar, R. L. (2013). Intercaste marriage: a study from the Indian context. Marriage & family review, 49(1), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2012.714720 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2012.714720

Djojodiguno, M. (1964). Asas-asas hukum adat. Jajasan Badan Penerbit Gadjah Mada.

Dror, Y. (2017). Public policy making reexamined. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315127774 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315127774

Hortaçsu, A., Hwang, S. I. M., & Mathur, D. (2019). Monetary incentives on inter-caste marriages in India: Theory and evidence. Journal of Development Economics, 141, 102371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2019.102371 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2019.102371

Ida Bagus, M. (2008). Mixed marriages in Jembrana, Bali: Mediation and fragmentation of citizenship and identity in the post-bomb (s) Bali world. The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 9(4), 346-362. https://doi.org/10.1080/14442210802493678 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14442210802493678

Kannan, C. T. (1961). Intercaste marriage in Bombay. Sociological Bulletin, 10(2), 53-68. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038022919610205 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0038022919610205

Kerepun, M. K. (2004). Benang kusut nama gelar di Bali. Bali Media Adhikarsa.

Mahmud, P. M. (2007). Legal research.

Manan, H. A. (2018). Aspek-aspek pengubah hukum. Prenada Media.

Marzuki, P. M. (2005). Penelitian hukum. Kencana.

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. sage.

Narzary, P. K., & Ladusingh, L. (2019). Discovering the Saga of Inter-caste Marriage in India. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 54(4), 588-599. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909619829896 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0021909619829896

Ray, T., Chaudhuri, A. R., & Sahai, K. (2020). Whose education matters? An analysis of inter caste marriages in India. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 176, 619-633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2020.02.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2020.02.011

Rukmini, S. (2014). Just 5% of Indian marriages are inter-caste: survey. The Hindu, 13.

Saroja, K. (1999). Intercaste marriage and social dynamics in India: A critique. Indian Journal of Social Work, 60, 183-192.

Self, S., & Grabowski, R. (2009). Modernization, inter-caste marriage, and dowry: An analytical perspective. Journal of Asian Economics, 20(1), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2008.07.001 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asieco.2008.07.001

Soekanto, S. (2005). Hukum Adat Indonesia.

Syahuri, T. (2013). Legislasi hukum perkawinan Indonesia: pro-kontra pembentukannya hingga putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi. Kencana.

Wiranata, I. G. A. (2005). Hukum Adat Indonesia Perkembangan dari Masa ke Masa. Citra Aditya Bakti.