Construction and Deconstruction of a Homicide Reduction Policy: The Case of Pact for Life in Pernambuco, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-4409.2018.07.12Keywords:
Reduction and Resurgence of Homicides, Governance, Deterrence, Pact for Life, Public Security.Abstract
This paper tries to demonstrate that both the fall in homicides in Pernambuco (from 2007-2013) and the resurgence in them that followed (2014-2017) are fundamentally linked to two explanatory variables, which are in turn connected: the model of governance of public security produced in Pernambuco at the level of state government strategy and the capacity for deterrence produced in the framework of the Criminal Justice System (especially that of state police, who are under the responsibility and “control” of the executive power of the state). This article argues that the construction of this specific model of governance of Public Security and the definition, monitoring and realization of deterrence strategies within the police were crucial to the reduction of the number of homicides in the most violent areas of the state. On the other hand, the dissolution of the capacity for integrated governance of the police, with the consequent dismantling of the deterrence capacity aimed primarily at the reduction of homicides and crimes against life that had been successfully conceived and realized between 2007 and 2013, explains the increase in intentional violent crimes that has been observed since 2014.
References
ABADIE, A., DIAMOND, A. & HAINMUELLER, J. "Synthetic Control Methods for Comparative Case Studies: Estimating the Effect of California Tobacco Control Program," Journal of the American Statistical Association, American Statistical Association, vol. 105(490), pages 493-505, 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1198/jasa.2009.ap08746
ADORNO, S. (2008). “Políticas públicas de segurança e justiça penal”. Cadernos Adenauer, São Paulo, v. IX, p. 9-27.
ADORNO, S.; SALLA, F. A. (2012). “Criminalidade organizada nas prisões e os ataques do PCC”. Estudos Avançados (Impresso), USP, v. 61, p. 7-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142007000300002
BEATO, C. (org.). Compreendendo e avaliando projetos de segurança pública. Belo Horizonte: UFMG, 2008.
BRAGA, A. & WEISBURD, D. (2006). “Police Innovation and Crime Prevention: Lessons learned from Police Research over the past 20 years”, in A. Braga & D. Weisburd (eds.), Police Innovation: Contrasting Perspectives. New York: Cambridge University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511489334
CACCIAMALI, M.C. & TATEI, F. (2016). “Mercado de trabalho: da euforia do ciclo expansivo e de inclusão social à frustração da recessão econômica”, Novos Estudos –CEBRAP, 30 (87). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142016.30870007
CERQUEIRA, D. et al. (2017). Atlas da Violência, IPEA.
COOK, P. J. (1980). Research in criminal deterrence: laying the groundwork for the second decade. Crime and Justice, 2. https://doi.org/10.1086/449070 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/449070
COSTA, B.L. D. & BRONZO, C. “Intersetorialidade no enfrentamento da pobreza: o papel da implementação e da gestão” In PIMENTA DE FARIA, C.A. (Org.). Implementação de Políticas Públicas – Teoria e Prática. Belo Horizonte: Ed. Puc-Minas, 2012, pp. 50-81.
DATASUS, www2.datasus.gov.br, 2017.
DAUDELIN, J. & RATTON, J.L. (2017a). “Criminal Governance and its Limits: Selective Law Enforcement and Drug Violence in Recife, Brazil”, paper, International Meeting on Law & Society .
DAUDELIN, J. & RATTON, J.L. (2017b). “Mercados de Drogas, Guerra e Paz no Recife”, Tempo Social, forthcoming. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2017.125670
DAUDELIN, J. & RATTON, J.L. (2017c). “Inequality and drug violence: The crack market in Recife, Brazil”, Nueva Sociedad, forthcoming.
FÓRUM BRASILEIRO DE SEGURANÇA PÚBLICA (2016). 10o Anuário do Fórum Brasileiro de Segurança Pública, São Paulo, FBSP.
FUKUYAMA, F. (2013). “What is Governance?” - Working Paper 314, Center for Global Development.
GONÇALVES, C. F. (2016). NA CENTRAL DA CAPITAL: Entre as Drogas e o Pacto - etnografando a criminalização das drogas e a cultura policial nas metas do Pacto Pela “Vida” no Grande Recife, Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Católica do Recife.
GIBBS, J. (1975). Crime, Punishment and Deterrence, New York, Elsevier.
LOCHE, A., CARBONARI, F., HOFFMAN, J. & SERRANO-BERTHET, R. (2014) “Avaliação de Políticas em Segurança Pública”, in Renato Sérgio de Lima, José Luiz Ratton e Rodrigo Ghiringhelli de Azevedo (orgs.), Crime, Polícia e Justiça no Brasil, São Paulo, Ed. Contexto.
MACEDO, A. O (2012). Polícia, quando quer, faz!": análise da estrutura de governança do “Pacto pela Vida” de Pernambuco, Dissertação de Mestrado, Departamento de Sociologia, UnB, . DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-69922012000200020
MAINWARING, S. & SCULLY, T. (2008), Latin American: Eight Lessons for Governance, Journal of Democracy, vol. 19, n. 3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/jod.0.0001
MISSE, M. (2006). Crime e Violência no Brasil Contemporâneo, Rio de Janeiro, Lumen Juris.
NADANOVSKY, P. O aumento no encarceramento e a redução nos homicídios em São Paulo, Brasil, entre 1996 e 2005, Cadernos de Saúde Pública 25 (8): 1859-1864), 2009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2009000800022
OUIMET, M. “A World of Economic Development, Income Inequality, and Excess Infant Mortality and Homicide Rate for 165 Countries in 2010”, Homicide Studies, 16, 2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767912442500
O’TOOLE, JR., L.J. Rational Choice and policy implementation: implications for interorgaanizational network management, American Review of Public Adminstration, vol. 25, n. 1, p. 43-57, 1995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/027507409502500103
PEREIRA, R.R. (2014). O Pacto pela Vida de Eduardo Campos: a história do programa que tirou Pernambuco do topo da lista dos estados mais violentos do país, Brasília, Fundação João Mangabeira.
PERNAMBUCO. Pacto pela Vida: Plano Estadual de Segurança Pública, 2007. Disponível em: http://www.pactopelavida.pe. gov.br/material-institucional/. Data de acesso: 20 de junho de 2010.
PILLIAVIN, I. et al. (1986) “Crime, Deterrence, and Rational Choice”, American Sociological Review, vol. 51, n. 1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2095480
PRESSMAN, J.L. & WILDAVSKY, A. Implementation. Berkeley, University of California Press, 1973.
RATTON, J.L. (2013), Segurança Pública: possibilidades e desafios: o caso do Pacto pela Vida, mimeo, 2013, pp 1-11.
RATTON, J. L.; TORRES, V. & BASTOS, C. (2011), “Inquérito policial, Sistema de Justiça Criminal e políticas públicas de segurança: dilemas e limites da Governança” in: Revista Sociedade e Estado, Vol. 26, no. 1, jan./abr., p. 29-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-69922011000100003
RATTON, J. L., GALVÃO, C. & FERNANDEZ, M. (2014) Pact for Life and the Reduction of Homicides in the State of Pernambuco. Stability: International Journal of Security & Development, 3(1): 18, pp. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.5334/sta.dq DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/sta.dq
RATTON, J.L. & SILVA, B. F (2015), Políticas Públicas de Segurança e a redução dos homicídios em Pernambuco: avaliando o Pacto pela Vida, MIMEO.
RATTON, J.L.; ALENCAR, E.; FERNANDEZ, M.; (2015b), Gastos com segurança Pública em Pernambuco: uma análise exploratória, Recife, mimeo.
RATTON, J.L., WEST, R. et al. (2017). Políticas de Drogas e Redução de Danos no Brasil: o Programa Atitude em Pernambuco, OSF/FBSP, Recife.
SACHSIDA, A. e MENDONÇA, M.J.C. “Evolução e Determinantes da taxa de Homicídios no Brasil” Texto para Discussão 1808, IPEA, Brasília, 2013.
SAURET, G. (2012). Estatísticas pela Vida: a coleta e a análise de informações criminais como instrumento de enfrentamento da violência letal, Recife, Bagaço Design.
SILVEIRA, A. M. et al. “Impacto do Programa Fica Vivo na redução dos homicídios em comunidade de Belo Horizonte“. Revista de Saúde Pública, 2010;44(3):496-502. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102010000300013 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0034-89102010000300013
SILVEIRA, R.; RATTON, J.L.; MENEZES, T.; MONTEIRO, C. ( ) Avaliação de Política Pública para Redução da Violência: o Caso do Programa Pacto pela Vida do Estado de Pernambuco, 2013 Disponível em: <http://www.anpec.org.br/ encontro/2013/files_I/i12a18f8b2a674b482bcc8caaf814b25e1a.docx>
SOARES, L. E. A Política Nacional de Segurança Pública: histórico, dilemas e perspectivas, Estudos Avançados, 21 (61), 2007, 77-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142007000300006
TONRY, M. (2008 ) “Learning from the Limitations of Deterrence Research” in Crime and Justice: A Review of Research edited by Michael Tonry. The University of Chicago Press, 2008. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/524825
TRINDADE, A. (2015) “Estado, governança e segurança pública no Brasil: Uma análise das secretarias estaduais de Segurança Pública”, Dilemas – Revista de Estudos de Conflitos e Controle Social, vol. 8, n. 4.
WEISBURD, D. & ECK, J. (2004). What Can Police Do to Reduce Crime, Disorder, and Fear, ANNALS, AAPSS, 593. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716203262548
WOLFF, M. J. (2015a). “Building Criminal Authority: A Comparative Analysis of Drug Gangs in Rio de Janeiro and Recife”, Latin American Politics and Society, 57:2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-2456.2015.00266.x
WOLFF, M.J (2015b). “Policing and the Logics of Violence: a comparative analysis of public security reform in Brazil”, Policing and Society, Outubro. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10439463.2015.1093478
WRIGHT, V. (2010). “Deterrence in Criminal Justice Evaluating Certainty vs. Severity of Punishment” - The Sentencing Project – Report
ZALUAR, A. (2007). “Democratização Inacabada: fracasso da Segurança Pública”, Novos Estudos Cebrap, 21 (61). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-40142007000300003
ZAVERUCHA, J. & NÓBREGA JR., J.M.P. (2015), “O Pacto pela Vida, os tomadores de decisão e a redução da violência em Pernambuco”, Dilemas: Revista de Estudos de Conflito e Controle Social, V.8, n.2.
ZIMRING, F. & HAWKINGS, G. (1973). Deterrence; the Legal Threat in Crime Control, Chicago, University of Chicago Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1227719
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 International Journal of Criminology and Sociology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Policy for Journals/Articles with Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work
Policy for Journals / Manuscript with Paid Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Publisher retain copyright .
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post links to their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work .
