The Effect of AZ61 Content on Mechanical Strength and Surface Hardness of PA6-AZ61 Magnesium Alloy

Yopi Yusuf  Tanoto; Song-Jeng  Huang

doi:10.6000/1929-5995.2023.12.15

Authors

Yopi Yusuf Tanoto Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6422-6760
Song-Jeng Huang Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei 10607, Taiwan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6582-0339

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2023.12.15

Keywords:

Magnesium alloy, mechanical strength, microhardness, polyamide 6

Abstract

In this study, a Polyamide 6 (PA6)-AZ61 magnesium alloy composite and pure PA6 were fabricated using a compression molding instrument. Both the matrix and reinforcement were prepared in powder form. A planetary ball milling machine was employed to mix the PA6 and AZ61 micro powders. The effects of AZ61 content at different percentage on the final properties of the composite were investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) were employed to verify the uniformity of the mixing process and to confirm the composition of both the raw materials and the composite. The result, relative to pristine PA6, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) demonstrated a substantial increment of 48.3%, reaching 58 MPa. Whereas the yield strength (YS) exhibited a notable surge to 49.38 MPa, constituting a 52.9% enhancement. Additionally, the PA6-5AZ61 composition achieved the highest microhardness value at 21.162 HV, signifying a remarkable 66.3% augmentation compared to the unalloyed PA6 material. This result suggests that AZ61 has the potential to improve the properties of the matrix material.

References

Hussein AH, et al. Graphene-reinforced polymer matrix composites fabricated by in situ shear exfoliation of graphite in polymer solution: processing, rheology, microstructure, and properties. Nanotechnology 2021; 32(17) 175703. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/abd359 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/abd359

Amasawa E, Hasegawa M, Yokokawa N, Sugiyama H, Hirao M. Environmental performance of an electric vehicle composed of 47% polymers and polymer composites. Sustainable Materials and Technologies 2020; 25: e00189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2020.e00189 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2020.e00189

Rowe J. Advanced materials in automotive engineering. Cornwall, UK: Woodhead Publishing 2012. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857095466 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857095466

Lan P, Nunez EE, Polycarpou AA. Advanced Polymeric Coatings and Their Applications: Green Tribology. In Encyclopedia of Renewable and Sustainable Materials, Elsevier 2020; pp. 345-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.11466-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.11466-3

Patil A, Patel A, Purohit R. An overview of Polymeric Materials for Automotive Applications. Materials Today: Proceedings 2017; 4(2): 3807-3815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.278 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.278

Pradeepa KG, Shashidhara GM. Comparative Study on Experimental and Kerner Model Predictions of Viscoelastic Properties of Polyamide 6/ Polyvinyl Alcohol Blends. J Res Updates Polym Sci 2018; 7(1): 14-20. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2018.07.01.3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2018.07.01.3

Liu B, Yang J, Zhang X, Yang Q, Zhang J, Li X. Development and application of magnesium alloy parts for automotive OEMs: A review. Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023; p. S2213956723000099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2022.12.015 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2022.12.015

Subramani M, Huang S-J, Borodianskiy K. Effect of SiC Nanoparticles on AZ31 Magnesium Alloy. Materials 2022; 15(3): 1004. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15031004

Subramani M, Huang S-J, Borodianskiy K. Effect of WS2 Nanotubes on the Mechanical and Wear Behaviors of AZ31 Stir Casted Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites. J Compos Sci 2022; 6(7): 182. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs6070182 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs6070182

Catar R, Altun H. Investigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour of Mg-Al-Zn Alloys in Different pH Environments by SSRT Method. Open Chemistry 2019; 17(1): 972-979. https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0104 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/chem-2019-0104

Wei X, et al. Magnesium surface-activated 3D printed porous PEEK scaffolds for in vivo osseointegration by promoting angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Bioactive Materials 2023; 20: 16-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.05.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.05.011

Sikder P, et al. Bioactive amorphous magnesium phosphate-polyetheretherketone composite filaments for 3D printing. Dental Materials 2020; 36(7): 865-883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2020.04.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2020.04.008

Pascual-González C, et al. Processing and properties of PLA/Mg filaments for 3D printing of scaffolds for biomedical applications. RPJ 2022; 28(5): 884-894. https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-06-2021-0152 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/RPJ-06-2021-0152

Zhang P, et al. Improve the binding force of PEEK coating with Mg surface by femtosecond lasers induced micro/nanostructures. J Mater Sci 2021; 56(23): 13313-13322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06140-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-06140-5

Al-Sherify ZF, Dawood NM, Khulief ZT. Corrosion behavior of AZ31 magnesium alloys coated with PMMA/HA as biodegradable implants. Materials Today: Proceedings 2022; 61: 1100-1108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.11.057 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.11.057

Rahimi Roshan N, Hassannejad H, Nouri A. Corrosion and mechanical behaviour of biodegradable PLA-cellulose nanocomposite coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy. Surface Engineering 2021; 37(2): 236-245. https://doi.org/10.1080/02670844.2020.1776093 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02670844.2020.1776093

Huang S-J, Mose MP. High-energy ball milling-induced crystallographic structure changes of AZ61-Mg alloy for improved hydrogen storage. Journal of Energy Storage 2023; 68: 107773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.107773 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.107773

Emaldi I, Liauw CM, Potgieter H. Stabilization of Polypropylene for Rotational Molding Applications. J Res Updates Polym Sci 2016; 4(4): 179-187. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.04.2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2015.04.04.2

He H, Li K. Study on Flexural Strength and Flexural Failure Modes of Carbon Fiber/Epoxy Resin Composites. J Res Updates Polym Sci 2014; 3(1): 10-15. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2014.03.01.2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-5995.2014.03.01.2

Abdelwahab M, Codou A, Anstey A, Mohanty AK, Misra M. Studies on the dimensional stability and mechanical properties of nanobiocomposites from polyamide 6-filled with biocarbon and nanoclay hybrid systems. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 2020; 129: 105695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.105695 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.105695

Verbelen L, Dadbakhsh S, Van Den Eynde M, Kruth J-P, Goderis B, Van Puyvelde P. Characterization of polyamide powders for determination of laser sintering processability. European Polymer Journal 2016; 75: 163-174. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.12.014 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.12.014

Liu S, et al. Influence of laser process parameters on the densification, microstructure, and mechanical properties of a selective laser melted AZ61 magnesium alloy. Journal of Alloys and Compounds 2019; 808: 151160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.06.261 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.06.261

Zhang X, Sun L, Chen Y, Yin C, Liu D, Ding E. Flame retarded polyamide-6 composites via in situ polymerization of caprolactam with perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride. SN Appl Sci 2019; 1(11) 1428. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1505-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-019-1505-1