A Collaborative Approach to Early Identification and Referral of Children Who are in Family Childcare Settings, Birth to Five, Born to Teenage Mothers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2015.03.04.6Keywords:
Screening, development, young children, infants, toddlers, preschool-age, collaboration, teenage parents, at-risk, family childcare.Abstract
Children of teenage mothers are at high risk for developmental delays, intellectual and learning disabilities, behavior disorders and school related problems [1]. Early identification and referral into prevention or early intervention programs may ameliorate that risk. Children of teen mothers who are in family childcare may not have access to routine developmental and behavioral screenings that would lead to early identification and referral. Members of an early childhood advisory board collaborated to conduct a screening event using the ASQ-3® and the ASQ:SE® at a local children’s museum for 26 children of teen mothers who had no previous access to developmental screenings. Parents completed the questionnaires while playing with their children at the museum. Nine of the children scored well within the range of typical development and 17 scored at or beyond the cut-off scores on the ASQ-3 and/or the ASQ:SE. Each child who scored at or beyond the cut-off received referrals for evaluation, parent and child programming and/or family support services. When there were concerns, families also received care coordination while all families received activities and a child’s book. The implications for this study suggest that collaborative efforts are effective in providing access to developmental screenings and referral into subsequent services for at-risk young children who are in family childcare settings.
References
Teenage births: outcomes for young parents and their children. Albany, NY: Schuyler Center for Analysis and Advocacy, 2008. Available from: http://www.scaany.org/ documents/teen_pregnancy_dec08.pdf.
Annual Disability Statistics Compendium: Institute of Disability; 2014. Available from: http://www.disability-compendium.org.
IDEA Data Center: U.S. Department of Education. Available from: http://www.ideadata.org.
Campbell F, Pungello E, Burchinal M, Kainz K, Pan Y, Wasik B, et al. Adult outcomes as a function of an early childhood educational program: An Abecedarian Project follow-up. Developmental Psychology 2012; 48(4): 1033-43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026644 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026644
Heckman J. Schools, Skills, and Synapses. Economic Inquiry 2008; 46(3): 289-324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2008.00163.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7295.2008.00163.x
Koegel LK, Koegel RL, Ashbaugh K, Bradshaw J. The importance of early identification and intervention for children with or at risk for autism spectrum disorders. Int J Speech Lang Pathol 2014; 16(1): 50-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2013.861511 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2013.861511
From Neurons to Neighborhoods: The Science of Early Childhood Development. Washington, D.C.: National Research Council and Institute of Medicine 2000. Available from: http://www.nap.edu/read/9824/chapter/1 - ii.
Shonkoff JP, Richter L, van der Gaag J, Bhutta ZA. An Integrated Scientific Framework for Child Survival and Early Childhood Development. PEDIATRICS 2012; 129(2): e460-e72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-0366 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-0366
Sameroff AJ, Fiese BH, Zigler EF. Transactional Regulation: The Developmental Ecology of Early Intervention: Cambridge University Press (CUP); 2000. 135-59 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511529320.009
Bruce J, Gunnar M, Pears K, Fisher P. Early Adverse Care, Stress Neurobiology, and Prevention Science: Lessons Learned. Prevention Science 2013; 14(3): 247-56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11121-012-0354-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-012-0354-6
Case A, Hoyt A, Canfield M, Wilkinson A. Periconceptional Risk Factors for Birth Defects among Younger and Older Teen Mothers. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 2015; 28(4): 263-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2014.09.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2014.09.004
Dube S, Felitti V, Dong M, Giles W, Anda R. The impact of adverse childhood experiences on health problems: evidence from four birth cohorts dating back to 1900. Preventive Medicine 2003; 37(3): 268-77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0091-7435(03)00123-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0091-7435(03)00123-3
Fox S, Levitt P, Nelson C. How the Timing and Quality of Early Experiences Influence the Development of Brain Architecture. Child Development 2010; 81(1): 28-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01380.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01380.x
Hart K, Risely T. Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Company; 1995.
Klein JD. Adolescent Pregnancy: Current Trends and Issues. Pediatrics 2005; 116(1): 281-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-0999 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-0999
Mollborn S, Dennis JA. Explaining the Early Development and Health of Teen Mothers’ Children 1. Sociological Forum 2012; 27(4): 1010-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1573-7861.2012.01366.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1573-7861.2012.01366.x
The science of early childhood development: closing the gap between what we know and what we do. Cambridge, MA: National Scientific Council on the Developing Child, 2007. Available from: http://www.developingchild.harvard.edu.
Perry BD, Pollard RA, Blakley TL, Baker WL, Vigilante D. Childhood trauma, the neurobiology of adaptation, and “use-dependent” development of the brain: How “states” become “traits”. Infant Mental Health Journal 1995; 16(4): 271-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0355(199524)16:4<271::AID-IMHJ2280160404>3.0.CO;2-B DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0355(199524)16:4<271::AID-IMHJ2280160404>3.0.CO;2-B
Beauchaine T, McNulty T. Comorbidities and continuities as ontogenic processes: Toward a developmental spectrum model of externalizing psychopathology. Dev Psychopathol 2013; 25(4pt2): 1505-28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000746 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000746
Graham A, Kim H, Fisher P. Partner aggression in high-risk families from birth to age 3 years: Associations with harsh parenting and child maladjustment. Journal of Family Psychology 2012; 26(1): 105-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0026722 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026722
Kochanska G, Kim S. Difficult temperament moderates links between maternal responsiveness and children’s compliance and behavior problems in low-income families. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 2012; 54(3): 323-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12002
Pomerleau A, Scuccimarri C, Malcuit G. Mother-infant behavioral interactions in teenage and adult mothers during the first six months postpartum: Relations with infant development. Infant Mental Health Journal 2003; 24(5): 495-509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/imhj.10073 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/imhj.10073
Sameroff AJ, Seifer R. Familial Risk and Child Competence. Child Development 1983; 54(5): 1254-68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1129680 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1983.tb00545.x
Suor JH, Sturge-Apple ML, Davies PT, Cicchetti D, Manning LG. Tracing Differential Pathways of Risk: Associations Among Family Adversity, Cortisol, and Cognitive Functioning in Childhood. Child Dev 2015; 86(4): 1142-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12376 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12376
Werner EE, Smith RS. Journeys from Childhood to Midlife: Risk, Resilience, and Recovery. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press; 2001.
Brooks-Gunn J, Duncan GJ. The Effects of Poverty on Children. The Future of Children 1997; 7(2): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1602387 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1602387
R F. Sensitive periods in human social development: New insights from research on oxytocin, synchrony, and high-risk parenting. Dev Psychopathol 2015; 27(02): 369-95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0954579415000048 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579415000048
Garner A, Shonkoff J, Siegel B, Dobbins M, Earls M, Garner A, et al. Early Childhood Adversity, Toxic Stress, and the Role of the Pediatrician: Translating Developmental Science Into Lifelong Health. PEDIATRICS 2011; 129(1): e224-e31. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2662
Sameroff A. A Unified Theory of Development: A Dialectic Integration of Nature and Nurture. Child Development 2010; 81(1): 6-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01378.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01378.x
Dong M, Anda R, Felitti V, Dube S, Williamson D, Thompson T, et al. The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. Child Abuse & Neglect 2004; 28(7): 771-84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.008
Campbell F, Conti G, Heckman J, Moon S, Pinto R, Pungello E, et al. Early Childhood Investments Substantially Boost Adult Health. Science 2014; 343(6178): 1478-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1248429 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1248429
Schweinhart LJ, Montie J, Xiang Z, Barnett WS, Belfield CR, Nores M. Lifetime effects: The High/Scope Perry Preschool Study through age 40. Ypsilanti, MI: The High/Scope Press, 2005.
Love JM, Kisker EE, Ross C, Raikes H, Constantine J, Boller K, et al. The Effectiveness of Early Head Start for 3-Year-Old Children and Their Parents: Lessons for Policy and Programs. Developmental Psychology 2005; 41(6): 885-901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.41.6.885 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.41.6.88
Olds D, Henderson JCR, Cole R, Eckenrode J, Kitzman H, Luckey D, et al. Long-term Effects of Nurse Home Visitation on Children's Criminal and Antisocial Behavior. JAMA 1998; 280(14): 1238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.280.14.1238 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.280.14.1238
Hall J, Sylva K, Melhuish E, Sammons P, Siraj‐Blatchford I, Taggart B. The role of pre‐school quality in promoting resilience in the cognitive development of young children. Oxford Review of Education 2009; 35(3): 331-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03054980902934613 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03054980902934613
Kilburn R, Cannon J, Mattox T, Shaw R. Programs That Work, from the Promising Practices Network on Children, Families and Communities. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2014. Available from: http://www.rand.org/ pubs/tools/TL145.
Individuals With Disabilities Education Act 20 U.S.C. 1400(a), (1990).
Hebbeler K, Spiker D. National Early Intervention Longitudinal Study (NEILS), the Study Overview, Context, and Purpose. A Reference for the Education of Children, Adolescents, and Adults with Disabilities and Other Exceptional Individuals: Wiley-Blackwell; 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118660584.ese1658
Oono IP, Honey EJ, McConachie H. Parent-mediated early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Evid-Based Child Health 2013; 8(6): 2380-479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ebch.1952 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ebch.1952
Estes A, Munson J, Rogers S, Greenson J, Winter J, Dawson G. Long-Term Outcomes of Early Intervention in 6-Year-Old Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2015; 54(7): 580-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.04.005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.04.005
CAPTA Reauthorization Act of 2010 42 U.S.C. 5101, (2010).
Identifying Infants and Young Children With Developmental Disorders in the Medical Home: An Algorithm for Developmental Surveillance and Screening. PEDIATRICS 2006; 118(1): 405-20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-1231 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-1231
Bricker D, Macy M, Squires J, Marks K. Developmental screening in your community, an integrated approach for connecting children with services. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Company; 2013.
Clifford J, Squires J, Yockelson S, Twombly E, Bricker D. Developmental Screening in Early Childhood: Potential Roadmaps for those Considering the Journey. In: Snyder M, editor. Young Exceptional Children Monograph No 13: Gathering Information to Make Informed Decisions: Contemporary Perspectives about Assessment in Early Intervention and Early Childhood Special Education. Missoula, MT: Division for Early Childhood of the Council for Exceptional Children; 2011. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1096250611415812
Squires J, Bricker D. Ages & Stages Questionnaires®, Third Edition. American Psychological Association (APA), 2012 2012/11/12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/t11523-000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/t11523-000
Sand N. Pediatricians' Reported Practices Regarding Developmental Screening: Do Guidelines Work? Do They Help? Pediatrics 2005; 116(1): 174-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-1809 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2004-1809
King TM, Tandon SD, Macias MM, Healy JA, Duncan PM, Swigonski NL, et al. Implementing Developmental Screening and Referrals: Lessons Learned From a National Project. Pediatrics 2010; 125(2): 350-60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-0388 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-0388
Mission, values, vision, and core functions: First 5 Commission of San Diego; 2014. Available from: http://first5sandiego.org/mission-values-vision-and-core-functions/.
Healthy development services: First 5 Commission of San Diego; 2014. Available from: http://first5sandiego.org/healthy-development-services/.
QuickFacts from the U.S. Census Bureau: U.S. Department of Commerce; 2015. Available from: http://quickfacts.census. gov/qfd/index.html.
Kost K, Henshaw S. U.S. Teenage Pregnancies, Births, and Abortions, 2010: National and State Trends by Age, Race, and Ethnicity. New York: Guttmacher Institute, 2014. Available from: http://www.guttmacher.org/pubs/USTPtrends 10.pdf.
Malabarey OT, Balayla J, Klam SL, Shrim A, Abenhaim HA. Pregnancies in Young Adolescent Mothers: A Population-Based Study on 37 Million Births. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 2012; 25(2): 98-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2011.09.004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2011.09.004
Shrim A, Ates S, Mallozzi A, Brown R, Ponette V, Levin I, et al. Is Young Maternal Age Really a Risk Factor for Adverse Pregnancy Outcome in a Canadian Tertiary Referral Hospital? Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology 2011; 24(4): 218-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2011.02.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpag.2011.02.008
Squires J, Bricker D, Twombly E. A parent-completed, child-monitoring system for social-emotional behaviors. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Company; 2002.
Squires J, Katzev A, Jenkins F. Early Screening for Developmental Delays: Use of Parent-Completed Questionnaires in Oregon's Healthy Start Program. Early Child Development and Care 2002; 172(3): 275-82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03004430290030804 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430290030804
Drotar D, Stancin T, Dworkin P. Pediatric Developmental Screening: Understanding and Selecting Screening Instruments. The Commonwealth Fund, 2008. Available from: http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications.
Hanig K. Review of Ages & Stages Questionnaires: A Parent-Completed Child Monitoring System. In: Spies RA, Carlson JF, Geisinger KF, editors. The eighteenth mental measurements yearbook, 10-13. Lincoln, NE: Buros Institute of Mental Measurements; 2010.
Marks KP, LaRosa AC. Understanding Developmental-Behavioral Screening Measures. Pediatrics in Review 2012; 33(10): 448-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.33-10-448 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.33.10.448
Guidelines for Cultural and Linguistic Adapation of ASQ-3™ and ASQ: SE Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Company; 2013. Available from: http://archive.brookes-publishing.com/documents/ASQ-cultural-and-linguistic-adaptation.pdf.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
